What is the definition of neoclassicism?

Neoclassicism refers to an artistic and cultural movement that emerged in the 18th century as a reaction against the grandeur and excesses of the Baroque style. It draws inspiration from the classical art and culture of ancient Greece and Rome, hence the prefix 'neo,' meaning 'new.' Neoclassical art, architecture, literature, and music sought to revive the principles and aesthetics of classical antiquity, emphasizing clarity, order, restraint, and rationality. Neoclassical artists and thinkers believed that embracing the ideals of ancient Greece and Rome would help in achieving a more civilized and morally stable society. They sought to emulate the simplicity and elegance found in the art of the ancient world. Neoclassical paintings often depicted classical themes or historical events, characterized by their smooth brushwork, balanced compositions, and idealized figures. In architecture, Neoclassicism is recognized by its use of classical elements, such as columns, symmetry, and pediments. Overall, neoclassicism aimed to establish a universal style that emphasized reason, rationality, and orderliness, contrasting the emotional and ornate characteristics of the previous Baroque era.