Define the arts and crafts movement.

The arts and crafts movement was a design and social movement that emerged in the late 19th century. It aimed to reform and revive traditional craftsmanship in contrast to the mass production and industrialization of the era. The movement valued the skills of individual craftspersons and sought to integrate art into daily life. It emphasized simplicity, quality, and a return to nature. The arts and crafts movement encompassed various fields such as architecture, furniture, textiles, ceramics, and more. This movement originated in the United Kingdom and quickly spread to other countries, including the United States. It was a reaction against the negative effects of industrialization, which led to dehumanization, poor working conditions, and a loss of artistic integrity. The proponents of the arts and crafts movement sought to bring back the dignity and authenticity of handcrafted goods. One of the key figures of this movement was William Morris, a British designer, poet, and socialist. His ideals of craftsmanship, honesty, and respect for materials greatly influenced the arts and crafts movement. Through publications, workshops, and organizations, the movement aimed to educate and inspire individuals to appreciate and create well-crafted items. Although the arts and crafts movement declined in popularity by the early 20th century, its core principles continued to influence design and decorative arts.